Data Act
Table of Contents
Chapter I – GENERAL PROVISIONS
Chapter II – BUSINESS TO CONSUMER AND BUSINESS TO BUSINESS DATA SHARING
Chapter III – OBLIGATIONS FOR DATA HOLDERS OBLIGED TO MAKE DATA AVAILABLE PURSUANT TO UNION LAW
Chapter IV – UNFAIR CONTRACTUAL TERMS RELATED TO DATA ACCESS AND USE BETWEEN ENTERPRISES
Chapter V – MAKING DATA AVAILABLE TO PUBLIC SECTOR BODIES, THE COMMISSION, THE EUROPEAN CENTRAL BANK AND UNION BODIES ON THE BASIS OF AN EXCEPTIONAL NEED
Chapter VI – SWITCHING BETWEEN DATA PROCESSING SERVICES
Chapter VII – UNLAWFUL INTERNATIONAL GOVERNMENTAL ACCESS AND TRANSFER OF NON-PERSONAL DATA
Chapter VIII – INTEROPERABILITY
Chapter IX – IMPLEMENTATION AND ENFORCEMENT
Chapter X – SUI GENERIS RIGHT UNDER DIRECTIVE 96/9/EC
Chapter XI – FINAL PROVISIONS
Recitals (119)
Recital 2
(2) Barriers to data sharing prevent an optimal allocation of data for the benefit of society. Those barriers include a lack of incentives for data holders to enter voluntarily into data sharing agreements, uncertainty about rights and obligations in relation to data, the costs of contracting and implementing technical interfaces, the high level of fragmentation of information in data silos, poor metadata management, the absence of standards for semantic and technical interoperability, bottlenecks impeding data access, a lack of common data sharing practices and the abuse of contractual imbalances with regard to data access and use.